Losing weight can be a challenge and a medical condition may be the underlying problem. Weight gain due to fat, water or salt retention is a symptom of some health disorders and a side effect of certain medications. Some illnesses can decrease metabolism or increase the appetite for carbohydrates, causing weight gain. The medical condition must be treated before the weight gain can be addressed.
Cushing’s Syndrome is Caused by Increased Cortisol Levels
Cushing’s Syndrome leads to weight gain in the upper back, abdomen and face giving a characteristic ‘moon face’ appearance. This disorder occurs when there is an excess of the hormone cortisol in the body, due to overproduction by the adrenal glands or by taking a glucocorticoid medication. Cushing’s syndrome can occur due to tumors that increase production of cortisol and by taking high doses of glucocorticoid medications such as prednisone for inflammatory conditions such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also taken for other autoimmune disorders and to prevent transplant organ rejection by the body.
Hypothyroidism Slows Down Metabolism
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland is underactive and has decreased hormone production. This can lead to a lower basal metabolic rate (BMR) and cause a weight gain of up to 10 pounds because fat is stored instead of being burned to produce energy. Individuals with severe hypothyroidism are at greater risk for weight gain. This disorder also causes weight gain and a bloated appearance in the face and under the eyes due to salt and water retention in the body.
Insulin Resistance Can Cause Diabetes
Insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia (high insulin levels) is a very common cause of weight gain. This condition occurs when the cells do not respond to the hormone insulin to maintain blood glucose levels. To counteract this reduced sensitivity and the increased levels of blood glucose, the pancreas produces greater amounts of insulin. Weight gain occurs because when the body is resistant to hormone, other hormones that are responsible for metabolism and energy production also malfunction to some degree. Hyperinsulinemia can be a precursor to type 2 (adult onset) diabetes and it is a risk factor for heart disease.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Causes Weight Gain
In women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) the ovaries produce excess amounts of male hormones called androgens that can cause some of the eggs in the ovaries to develop into cysts. This can cause irregular and missed menstrual cycles. PCOS is also associated with insulin resistance and weight gain. If left untreated, PCOS can lead to obesity infertility, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and cancer.
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References:
- Up to Date for Patients: Cushing's Syndrome
- Thyroid Information: Thyroid and Weight
Noreen Kassem - Noreen Kassem is a hospital doctor based in London, UK. She has extensive experience in clinical research and an undergraduate honors ...
